Sixth century B.C. marks the beginning of new religious and social movements in the Gangetic valley in the form of Buddhism and Jainism (Sraman/ Shraman Tradition ). Magadha emerged as a powerful kingdom and consolidated its control over the other religions. By the third century, a large part of India was under Maurya control. Ashoka emerged as the most powerful king of the Maurya dynasty. Religious practices had many dimensions during this period. Worship of Yakshas and Mother Goddess was prevalent during that time. Yaksha worship was very popular before and after the advent of Buddhism and it was assimilated in Buddhism and Jainism. Construction of stupas and viharas (dwelling place of monks) became part of the Buddhist tradition. However, in this period, apart from stupas and viharas, stone pillars, rock cut caves and monumental figure sculptures were carved in several places. Pillars Even though constructing pillars are very old, Mauryan pillars are different from the pillars in th